Visas startup et entrepreneur 2026
Le guide complet pour lancer votre startup a l'etranger. Comparez les investissements requis, avantages fiscaux, voies vers la RP et inclusion familiale dans 28+ programmes sur 4 continents.
28+ Programmes4 ContinentsDès 0$ d'investissement
MIS À JOURProgrammes récemment modifiés (2025–2026)
🇨🇦
Canada SUV
SUSPENDUSuspendu aux nouvelles demandes le 31 déc. 2025. Nouveau programme pilote ciblé attendu en 2026.
🇦🇺
Australia BIIP
BIIP (sous-classe 188) fermé juil. 2024. Remplacé par le National Innovation Visa (NIV 858) — RP directe pour entrepreneurs exceptionnels.
🇯🇵
Japan Business Manager
Capital porté à JPY 30M (~USD 200K) contre JPY 5M. Exige désormais 3 ans d'expérience en gestion, plan certifié et JLPT N2.
🇳🇿
New Zealand
Visa travail entrepreneur fermé. Remplacé par le Business Investor Visa nécessitant NZD 1M–2M.
🇨🇾
Cyprus
AMÉLIORÉRéformé janv. 2025 : durée 2→3 ans, capitaux propres 50%→25%, employés étrangers 30%→50%.
🇪🇸
Spain
AMÉLIORÉLoi Beckham 24% forfaitaire + Ley de Startups 15% IS = meilleur package fiscal combiné UE. Permis de 3 ans initial.
Idéal pour...
💰
Meilleur package fiscal
🇪🇸Spain
Loi Beckham : 24% d'impôt forfaitaire pendant 6 ans. IS startup : 15% les 4 premières années rentables. Report stock-options. Famille incluse.
🌟
Le moins cher pour démarrer
🇨🇱Chile (Start-Up Chile)
0$ d'investissement. Subventions sans prise de participation : USD 15K–100K sur 3 voies. Visa de travail de 2 ans. Incubation gratuite + 3 000 startups.
🚀
Voie RP la plus rapide
🇬🇧UK (Innovator Founder)
ILR (séjour indéfini) après seulement 3 ans. Nationalité britannique possible après 4 ans. Accès au plus grand marché VC d'Europe.
🌐
Meilleur soutien écosystème
🇫🇷France (French Tech Visa)
Station F (plus grand campus startup au monde). 17 Capitales La French Tech. Financement BPI France. JEI exonérations 8 ans. CIR crédit R&D 30%.
Tous les programmes de visa startup par région
Les programmes sans investissement minimum fixe sont surlignés en vert. Les programmes suspendus sont affichés en opacité réduite.
Europe(13 programmes)
| Pays | Programme | Investissement min. | Durée | Voie RP | Famille | Avantages fiscaux |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇫🇷France | French Tech Visa (Passeport Talent) | None fixed; prove ~EUR 21,876/yr income | Up to 4 years (renewable) | 5 years to PR/citizenship | Spouse + children; spouse can work | JEI: payroll tax exemption 8 yrs; CIR: 30% R&D credit; Impatriate: 50% exemption 8 yrs |
| 🇬🇧UK | Innovator Founder Visa | No fixed min (GBP 1,270 savings) | 3 years (renewable) | ILR after 3 years (accelerated) | Spouse + children <18; can work/study | SEIS 50% relief; EIS 30% relief (to 2035); R&D credits; Patent Box 10% |
| 🇳🇱Netherlands | Startup Visa | None (sufficient funds for 1 yr) | 1 year | 5 years via self-employed permit | Dependents can join | 30% ruling (tax-free salary); Innovation Box 9% CIT on IP profits |
| 🇵🇹Portugal | Startup Visa | EUR 10,440 (bank balance) | 2 years (renewable 3 yrs) | 5 years to PR | Spouse + dependents | IFICI/NHR 2.0: 20% flat tax 10 yrs for qualifying founders |
| 🇪🇸Spain | Entrepreneur Visa (Ley de Startups) | No fixed min (EUR 2,400/mo funds) | 3 years initial (renewable 2 yrs) | 5 years to PR; citizenship 10 yrs | Spouse + children + EUR 600/mo per dependent | Beckham Law 24% flat (6 yrs); startup CIT 15% (4 yrs) |
| 🇪🇪Estonia | Startup Visa | No min; EUR 800/mo living | D-visa 1 yr; TRP up to 5 years | 5 years to PR; 8 yrs citizenship | Spouse + children | 0% CIT on retained earnings; 14% on distributions |
| 🇫🇮Finland | Startup Permit | EUR 1,030–1,210/mo income proof | 2 years | 6 years to PR (changed 2025) | Family can join; spouse can work | CIT 20%; R&D 50% deduction |
| 🇮🇪Ireland | STEP | EUR 50,000 funding min (+EUR 30K/co-founder) | 2 years + 3 yr renewal (Stamp 4) | 5 years to long-term residency; 8 yrs citizenship | Spouse + children <18 | CIT 12.5%; Knowledge Box 6.25%; R&D credit 25%; SARP 30% |
| 🇮🇹Italy | Italia Startup Visa | EUR 50,000 dedicated to startup | 1 yr visa, renewable; status 3–9 yrs | 5 years to PR; 10 years citizenship | Spouse + dependents | Up to 65% IRPEF deduction; EUR 100K flat tax option; 50% income reduction 5 yrs |
| 🇩🇪Germany | Section 21 AufenthG | EUR 25,000–250,000 (varies) | Up to 3 years | PR after 3 years (accelerated) | Spouse + children | FZulG R&D: up to EUR 4.2M/yr (refundable for pre-revenue); EXIST grants |
| 🇩🇰Denmark | Start-up Denmark | None (DKK 148K–345K living funds) | 2 years (renewable 3 yrs) | 8 years to PR; 9 yrs citizenship | Spouse + children | Researcher Tax Scheme: ~32.84% flat for 7 yrs |
| 🇨🇾Cyprus | Startup Visa (reformed Jan 2025) | 25% equity (reduced from 50%) | 3 years (was 2); renewable 2 yrs | 5 yrs via general PR; 7 yrs citizenship | Up to 5 team members; 50% foreign employees | CIT 12.5%; IP Box ~2.5%; 50% income exemption for new hires (EUR 55K+, 17 yrs) |
| 🇱🇹Lithuania | Startup Visa | None (~EUR 14,400/yr living funds) | 2 years (renewable 3 yrs, max 5 yrs) | 5 years to PR; 10 yrs citizenship | Spouse + children | CIT 5% (small co.); 300% R&D deduction; FEZ 0% for 10 yrs |
Amériques(6 programmes)
| Pays | Programme | Investissement min. | Durée | Voie RP | Famille | Avantages fiscaux |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇨🇦Canada | SUV (SUSPENDED Jan 2026)SUSPENDU | Was: VC min $200K / angel $75K / incubator | Was: direct PR | Direct PR (was); 2025 certs valid to Jun 30, 2026 | Spouse + children (simultaneous PR) | SR&ED 35% refundable credit; LCGE on $1.25M biz shares |
| 🇨🇱Chile | Start-Up Chile | $0 — equity-free grants USD 15K–100K | 2-year work visa | Via standard immigration; citizenship 5 yrs | Partners + dependents | R&D credit 35%; no cap gains on stock exchange |
| 🇺🇸USA | E-2 Treaty Investor | ~USD 50K–100K+ (substantial; no legal min) | 2–5 years renewable (unlimited) | No direct PR path | Spouse (EAD) + children <21 | QSBS 100% cap gains exclusion ($10M/5yr); R&D credits |
| 🇺🇸USA | O-1A Extraordinary Ability | No investment required | 3 years initial + extensions | EB-1A/EB-2 NIW pathway to green card | Spouse + children <21 (O-3; cannot work) | No cap on O-1 visas; no lottery; QSBS available |
| 🇧🇷Brazil | Startup/Innovation Investor Visa | BRL 150,000 (~USD 27,300) innovation track | 2 years (renewable) | 4 years to PR; citizenship ~5 yrs | Spouse + dependents included | Lei do Bem R&D incentives; Manaus FTZ |
| 🇨🇴Colombia | M-6 Business Owner Visa | ~COP 175M (~USD 38,000) | Up to 3 years | R visa after 3 yrs; citizenship 5 yrs | Spouse + dependents | FTZ 20% CIT (vs 35%); Orange Economy 7yr CIT exemption |
Asie-Pacifique(8 programmes)
| Pays | Programme | Investissement min. | Durée | Voie RP | Famille | Avantages fiscaux |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇸🇬Singapore | EntrePass | No specific min (viable biz; company <6 mo old) | 1 year (renewable with escalating reqs) | After 2–3 yrs eligible via PTS scheme | Limited initially; depends on jobs + spending | SUTE: 75% exemption first SGD 100K; EIS 400% R&D deduction; 0% CGT |
| 🇰🇷South Korea | D-8-4 Tech / D-8-4S Special | Points-based (80+/368) or VC investment | 1–2 yrs renewable | F-5 PR after 5+ years | F-3 dependent: spouse + children <20 | CIT 9–24% progressive; TIPS & K-Startup grants |
| 🇯🇵Japan | Business Manager Visa (revised Oct 2025) | JPY 30M (~USD 200K) — 6x increase from JPY 5M | 1–5 years; 3-yr grace for existing holders | 10 yrs standard; HSP fast-track 1–3 yrs | Spouse + children (dependent; 28 hr/wk work) | Special zone CIT exemptions; angel tax; 4% defense tax from Apr 2026 |
| 🇯🇵Japan | Startup Visa (expanded Jan 2025) | None during preparation | Up to 2 years (doubled from 1 yr); now nationwide | Must transition to Business Manager visa | Spouse + children | Same as Business Manager; regional zone benefits |
| 🇹🇼Taiwan | Entrepreneur Visa | NT$ 2M+ (~USD 63K) VC/fundraising, or patent/incubator | 2 years (extended from 1 yr); renewable | APRC after 5 years (or USD 480K fast-track) | Spouse + children | Angel tax deduction on NT$1M+ investments; no cap gains on securities |
| 🇹🇼Taiwan | Employment Gold Card | Track record: $1M+ VC investment or gov R&D grant | 1–3 years; open work rights | After 3 years; APRC eligible | Spouse + children (dependent ARC) | 50% income tax deduction on salary >NT$3M for 3 years |
| 🇦🇺Australia | National Innovation Visa (NIV 858) | No fixed min; exceptional achievement required | Direct permanent residency | Immediate PR | Spouse + children included | R&D Tax Incentive 43.5% refundable offset (<AUD 20M); 50% CGT discount |
| 🇳🇿New Zealand | Business Investor Visa (replaced Entrepreneur Nov 2025) | NZD 1M (3 yr) or NZD 2M (12 mo fast-track) | 3 years (NZD 1M) or 12 months (NZD 2M) | Fast-track: 12 mo with NZD 2M; citizenship 5 yrs PR | Spouse + children | No CGT (generally); 15% R&D credit; 4-yr foreign income exemption |
Moyen-Orient & Afrique(4 programmes)
| Pays | Programme | Investissement min. | Durée | Voie RP | Famille | Avantages fiscaux |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇦🇪UAE | Golden Visa (Entrepreneur Track) | AED 500K–2M (~USD 136K–545K) or incubator endorsement | 5 or 10 years (self-renewing) | Long-term residency; no citizenship path | Spouse + children (any age) + parents + domestic workers | 0% PIT; 0% CGT; CIT 9% (>AED 375K); free zone: 0% CIT |
| 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia | Entrepreneur Premium Residency | SAR 400K (~USD 107K) standard; SAR 15M (~USD 4M) premium | 5 years (Cat 1); permanent (Cat 2) | Cat 2 = permanent; Cat 1 = renewable | Spouse + children; can live, study, work | 0% PIT; CIT 20% (non-GCC); SEZ 5–20% |
| 🇷🇼Rwanda | Business Entrepreneur Permit | USD 50K–100K (varies by sector) | 1–2 years; renewal up to 5 years | Via standard immigration pathway | Spouse + dependents | CIT 30%; SEZ/innovation incentives; Kigali Innovation City tax holidays |
| 🇰🇪Kenya | Class G Investor Permit | USD 100,000 minimum | 1–2 years (renewable) | Via standard pathway; citizenship 7 yrs | Spouse + dependent children | CIT 30%; SEZ 10% first 10 yrs; DST 1.5% |
Questions fréquemment posées
Qu'est-ce qu'un visa startup et en quoi diffère-t-il d'un visa de travail ?
Un visa startup (aussi appelé visa entrepreneur) est un permis de séjour spécialement conçu pour les fondateurs souhaitant établir une entreprise innovante à l'étranger. Contrairement aux visas de travail qui exigent une offre d'emploi, les visas startup permettent d'être indépendant. La plupart des programmes exigent un soutien d'un organisme reconnu, un business plan viable et des preuves de moyens financiers.
Quels pays offrent des visas startup sans investissement requis ?
Plusieurs pays n'ont pas d'investissement minimum : le Chili offre des subventions sans participation de USD 15K–100K. La France, le Royaume-Uni, l'Estonie, les Pays-Bas, l'Espagne, la Finlande, le Danemark, la Lituanie et Singapour n'exigent aucun investissement spécifique — seulement la preuve de moyens de subsistance et un plan viable.
Qu'est-il arrivé au programme canadien de visa startup ?
Le programme canadien Start-Up Visa (SUV) a été suspendu au 31 décembre 2025. IRCC n'accepte plus de nouvelles demandes. Les candidats avec des certificats 2025 valides ont jusqu'au 30 juin 2026. Un nouveau "programme pilote ciblé" est attendu fin 2026.
Quel visa startup mène le plus rapidement à la résidence permanente ?
Le NIV 858 australien accorde la RP immédiate. Le visa UK Innovator Founder offre l'ILR après 3 ans, citoyenneté à 4 ans. Le paragraphe 21 allemand a aussi un accéléré à 3 ans. La voie rapide NZ : 12 mois (avec NZD 2M). La plupart des autres programmes exigent 5 ans.
Ma famille peut-elle me rejoindre avec un visa startup ?
Presque tous les programmes de visa startup permettent au conjoint et aux enfants à charge d'accompagner le fondateur. Le Golden Visa des ÉAU est le plus généreux, couvrant conjoint, enfants de tout âge, parents et même travailleurs domestiques. L'Espagne étend les avantages aux enfants de moins de 25 ans et aux parents âgés. L'EntrePass de Singapour est le plus restrictif.
Sources
- IRCC (canada.ca) – Programme de visa startup du Canada
- UK Visas & Immigration (gov.uk) – Visa Innovator Founder du Royaume-Uni
- Department of Home Affairs (immi.homeaffairs.gov.au) – Visa Business Innovation australien
- Portails d’immigration officiels des pays concernés
Dernière mise à jour: March 2026